Hepatitis E: An update on One Health and clinical medicine

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes acute and de facto global burden underestimated. HEV-related clinical complications are often undetected not considered in differential diagnosis. Convincing findings from studies suggest that HEV clinically relevant only developing countries but also industrialized countries. Eight genotypes (HEV-1 to HEV-8) with different human animal hosts other viruses circulation. Transmission routes vary by genotype location, large waterborne outbreaks zoonotic food-borne infections developed An infection can be aggravated pregnant women, organ transplant recipients, patients pre-existing liver disease immunosuppressed patients. during pregnancy affects fetus newborn an increased risk vertical transmission, preterm stillbirth, neonatal jaundice miscarriage. Hepatitis associated extrahepatic manifestations include neurological disorders such as neuralgic amyotrophy, Guillain-Barré syndrome encephalitis, renal injury haematological disorders. transfusion-transmitted increasingly recognized Western where may because a zoonosis. RNA testing blood components essential determine HEV. There currently no approved drugs or vaccines for infections. This review focuses on updating latest developments zoonoses, screening diagnostics, use under development, vaccines.